Everything you should know about Xi’an City Wall

Xi’an City Wall is one of the most well-preserved and largest ancient city walls in China. Built during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), it surrounds the heart of Xi’an, offering visitors a chance to walk or cycle along its impressive structure while enjoying panoramic views of the city.

Origins and construction

Tang Dynasty (618–907): Xi’an, then called Chang’an, was the capital of China and the starting point of the Silk Road. The city had an earlier wall, but it was much larger and is no longer intact.

Ming Dynasty (1368–1644): The current wall was built in 1370 by Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang to fortify the city. His advisor, General Zhu Sheng, suggested strengthening defenses:

• “Build high walls, store abundant grain, and take time to be an emperor.”

The construction used rammed earth, reinforced with lime and glutinous rice extract. Later, bricks and stone were added for durability.

Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site as part of “Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang’an-Tianshan Corridor.”

• Restored several times, especially in the 1980s, to preserve its historic integrity.

Structure of the Xi’an City Wall

• Length: 13.7 km (8.5 miles), enclosing Xi’an’s old city.
• Height: 12 meters (39 feet).
• Width: 12–14 meters (39–46 feet) at the top.
• Moat: Surrounds the wall, with drawbridges once used for entry.
• Watchtowers: 98 watchtowers and turrets for surveillance.
• Gates: Originally 4 main gates, expanded to 18 today.
• Corner Towers: 4 corner towers, used for observation and defense.
• Parapets & Crenellations: Provided protection for archers.

The design follows traditional Chinese feng shui principles, ensuring balance and harmony in the city layout.

Role in history

Ming & Qing Dynasties (1368–1911): The City Wall protected Xi’an from invasions and uprisings.

1911 Revolution: The wall was used as a defense line against revolutionaries.

Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945): Xi’an became a crucial stronghold, and the wall played a minor defensive role.

1949 Chinese Civil War: The People’s Liberation Army took Xi’an, and the wall was preserved rather than destroyed.

Modern Era: Restored in the 1980s and opened to the public as a cultural heritage site.

Why was XI’an City Wall built?

Defense: Protect against Mongol attacks and rebellions.

City Organization: Keep Xi’an’s layout structured and enclosed.

Power Symbol: Demonstrate Ming Dynasty strength and authority.

Did You Know?

• It’s the largest and most complete city wall in China.
• The glutinous rice mortar used in construction made it stronger than many other ancient walls.
• In 2018, the wall was used for the Xi’an Marathon, showcasing its endurance and beauty.

Highlights of the Xi’an City Wall

Walking & Cycling

The top of the wall is 12–14 meters wide, making it perfect for walking or cycling.

Bicycle Rental: Available at the South, North, East, and West Gates. Prices:

• Single bicycle: ¥45 for 2 hours
• Tandem bike: ¥90 for 2 hours

Time needed to complete the full circuit:

• Walking: 3–4 hours
• Cycling: 1.5–2 hours

Sightseeing Battery Car

• Available for those who prefer a relaxed ride.
• Price: 20–30 CNY per ride
• Stops: Multiple along the route

Cultural Performances & Activities

• Guard Changing Ceremony: Held at the South Gate daily.
• Lantern Festival: Spectacular displays during the Chinese New Year.
• Night Illumination: The City Wall is beautifully lit after sunset.

How to visit Xi’an City Wall

Location

• The City Wall encircles Xi’an’s old city area.
• Main entrances: South Gate (Yongning Gate), North Gate, East Gate, and West Gate.
• The South Gate is the most popular and well-equipped for tourists.

Opening Hours

• April – October: 8:00 AM – 10:00 PM
• November – March: 8:00 AM – 8:00 PM

Ticket Prices

• Adults: ¥54
• Students (with valid ID): ¥27
• Children under 1.2m: Free

Best Time to Visit

• Spring (March–May) & Autumn (September–November): Pleasant weather for walking and cycling.
• Early Morning or Late Afternoon: Cooler temperatures and fewer crowds.
• Evening: The wall is illuminated, creating a magical atmosphere.

How to get to Xi’an City Wall

By Metro:

• Take Line 2 to Yongningmen Station (South Gate).

By Bus:

• Many city buses stop near the City Wall, including No. 6, 11, 12, 46, 184, 239, and 603.

By Taxi:

• Most convenient for direct access; just ask the driver for “Chéngqiáng” (城墙).

What to visit nearby

Bell Tower & Drum Tower: 10-minute walk from the South Gate.

Muslim Quarter: Famous for delicious local snacks, 15-minute walk from the City Wall.

Shaanxi History Museum: 20-minute taxi ride.

Big Wild Goose Pagoda: One of Xi’an’s most famous landmarks, 25-minute taxi ride.

Travel tips

• Wear comfortable shoes—it’s a long walk!
• Bring sunscreen and a hat in summer.
• Visit in the evening for stunning night views.
• Rent a bike for a fun and efficient way to explore.
• Keep an eye on the weather—rain can make the wall slippery.